Sax Rohmer (the pseudonym of Arthur Sarsfield Ward, 1883-1959) was one of the most widely read pop authors in the English-speaking world in the 20th century. His Fu Manchu first appeared in "The Zayat Kiss," in the British magazine Story-Teller (October 1912), followed by the novel The Insidious Dr. Fu-Manchu in 1913. After World War II Rohmer changed this sinister Chinese arch-criminal into a heroic anti-Communist. Further thrilled by radio versions, feature films, stage plays, television series, and even a Marvel comic book, millions of readers have shuddered in Rohmer's auras of tomb robbers, ancient Egyptian demons haunting asp-infested tunnels beneath the pyramids, voodoo rites and zombies, and vampires, communicated by carefully selected eastern lexical borrowings. In 1951 he introduced the glamorous witch Sumuru as a female Fu Manchu in five well-received novels.
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