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Abilene State School HVAC Renovations Commissioning Report

Zeig, M.; Wei, G.; Turner, D. (March 2006)

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Abstract:	The Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University was contracted by HHSC to perform commissioning on the HVAC renovations project at Abilene State School. ESL engineers visited the school on February 14 - 17, 2006 to commission the new HVAC equipment. At the time of the visit, the equipment had been operating between 4 and 6 months with satisfactory results.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/88056

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-06-03-01.pdf (2.173Mb)

Access and Display of LoanSTAR Data via the Internet

Sweeney, J., Jr.; Lockhart, D.; Haberl, J. S. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 2001)

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Abstract:	The Energy and Environmental Data System (EEDS) is a web application that facilitates web-based viewing of the Energy Systems Lab's extensive building energy databases. EEDS is the initial framework for a growing set of internet energy analysis tools.
Description:	The information included in this report represents the LoanSTAR and Technical Assistance deliverables Task C - Numbers One and Four, "Access and Display LoanSTAR Data via the Internet for Interested Agencies" and "Internet Data Logging and Display". The material included in this report represent the work of several individuals at Texas A&M University's Energy Systems Lab, namely Mark Simoneau, James Sweeney and Ben Sommers, as well as review and comments by the LoanSTAR Principle Investigators.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2025

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-01-12-01.pdf (5.256Mb)

Advanced DOE-2 Calibration Procedures: A Technical Reference Manual

Bou-Saada, T. E. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1994)

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Abstract:

This manual outlines the procedures to collect data, poll the datalogger, and process the data. The processed data is then used with a calibrated DOE-2 input file using statistical graphing routines for the U.S.D.O.E. Forrestal Child Development Center. Appendix A contains the data processing routines. Appendix B contains the final calibrated input file. Appendix C contains processing and column merging routines. Appendix D contains the SAS graphical routines. Appendix E contains a solar conversion routine that converts data collected at an 18 degree south facing tilt to global horizontal solar data. Appendix F contains information on the channel tables for the loggers located at the Forrestal building and the Forrestal Child Development Center.

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2140

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-94-12-01.pdf (24.58Mb)

Air-Side Energy Use Calculations for Four HVAC Systems: Dual Duct Constant Volume (DDCAV), Dual Duct Variable Volume (DDVAV), Constant Volume with Reheat (CAVRH0), Variable Volume with Reheat (VAVRH)

Haberl, J. S. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 2001)

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Abstract:	This report contains engineering calculations for four (4) air-side, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) systems, including: dual duct constant volume (DDCAV), dual duct variable volume (DDVAV), constant volume with reheat (CAVRH), and variable volume with reheat (VAVRH). These calculations are presented in spreadsheets that include a running commentary so that the reader can trace through the calculations to see what is being performed. Each system also contains a one-line diagram that shows the system being simulated and the location of the variables used in the calculation.
Description:	These calculations are useful for developing educational materials, and can be used to check the values obtained from a computer simulation program that contain the exact same schematic as is shown for each system. With only a few exceptions, the formulas for the calculations have come from the ASHRAE Handbook, as indicated in the spreadsheet narrative. These spreadsheets were developed in Lotus .wkl format and can be run in any spreadsheet that accepts Lotus .wkl format. To use the spreadsheets, the user loads the spreadsheet, updates only the values needed and recalculates the spreadsheet manually. Calculations are repeated column-wise in the spreadsheet to reach convergence. Each calculation represents one set of conditions. To obtain answers for multiple conditions, the user will need to enter the new conditions and recalculate for each set of conditions.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2012

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-01-03-01.pdf (9.848Mb)

Air-Side Energy Use Calculations for Four HVAC Systems: Dual Duct Constant Volume (DDCAV), Dual Duct Variable Volume (DDVAV), Constant Volume with Reheat (CAVRH), Variable Volume with Reheat (VAVRH), Four Pipe Fan Coil Unit (FC), Four Pipe Induction Unit (FI), and Single Zone (SZ) Systems, Revised June 2002

Haberl, J. S.; Bou-Saada, T. E.; Saman, N. F. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 2001)

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Abstract:	This report contains engineering calculations for seven (7) air-side, heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems (HVAC) systems, including: dual duct constant volume (DDCAV), dual duct variable volume (DDVAV), constant volume with reheat (CAVRH), and variable volume with reheat (VAVRH), four pipe fan coil unit (FC), four pipe induction unit (FI), and a single zone air conditioning system (SZ). These calculations are presented in spreadsheets that include a running commentary so that the reader can trace through the calculations to see what is being performed. Each system also contains a one-line diagram that shows the system being simulated and the location of the variables used in the calculation.
Description:	These calculations were developed as part of the ASHRAE 865-RP project, and include tables that list the results for the 865-RP accuracy tests, as well as the test conditions. These spreadsheets are also useful for developing educational materials, and can be used to check the values obtained from a computer simulation program that contain the exact same schematic as is shown for each system. With only a few exceptions, the formulas for the calculations have come from the ASHRAE Handbook, as indicated in the spreadsheet narrative. These spreadsheets were developed in the most basic Lotus .wk1 format and can be run in any spreadsheet that accepts Lotus .wk1 format. To use the spreadsheets the user loads the spreadsheet, updates only the values needed and recalculates the spreadsheet manually (i.e., press the F9 button). Calculations are repeated column-wise in the spreadsheet to reach convergence. Each calculation represents one set of conditions. To obtain answers for multiple conditions the user will need to enter the new conditions and recalculate for each set of conditions.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2011

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-01-02-02.pdf (266.3Kb)

Analysis of Above-Code (2009 IECC) Residential Energy Efficiency Measures in ONCOR Service Area

Verdict, Malcolm; Haberl, Jeff S.; Liu, Zi; Kim, Hyojin (August 2009)

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Abstract:

The purpose of this report is to provide an analysis of residential energy efficiency and renewable measures that would exceed the 2009 edition of the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) in the ONCOR service territory. This information is useful to homebuilders, utility demand side energy managers, homeowners and others who wish to construct buildings that exceed the minimum national energy code requirements. A total of 17 measures based on the energy savings above the base-case house were selected. These measures include Renewable Power Options, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Fenestration, Envelope, Lighting and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) options. Individual measures were then categorized into four groups: 0 to 5%, 5 to 10%, and 10 to 15% and above 15% source energy savings above the base-case house. After categorizing, three example groups were formed combining the individual measures so that the combined source energy savings of the group is 15% above the base-case 2009 code-compliant house. The savings achieved by each group ranged from 15 to 28%. The photovoltaic options presented the most savings in the range of 12-42% for all base-case houses. The analysis was performed using an ESL simulation model based on the DOE-2.1e simulation of a 2009 IECC code-compliant, single-family residence. Two sets of simulations based on the choice of heating fuel type were considered: (a) an air-conditioned house with natural-gas heating/domestic water heating (i.e., gas-fired furnace for space heating and gas water heater for domestic water heating), and (b) an air-conditioned house with electric heating/domestic water heating (i.e., heat pump for space heating and electric water heater for domestic water heating). Version 3.03.02 of the Energy Systems Laboratory’s International Code Compliance Calculator (IC3) was used with the appropriate TMY2 weather files. Different counties in the ONCOR territory were grouped according to 2009 IECC Climate Zone; and finally, two zones—Climate Zone 2 and 3—were identified and analyzed.

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/88027

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-09-08-01.pdf (554.5Kb)

An Analysis of Efficiency Improvements in Residential Sized Heat Pumps

O'Neal, D. L.; Boecker, C. L.; Murphy, W. E.; Notman, J. R. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1986)

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Abstract:

The objectives of this study included: (1) development of classes of heat pumps, (2) evaluation and selection of a suitable heat pump design model, (3) characterization of suitable baseline heat pump designs, (4) selection of design options that can be used to improve heat pump efficiency, and (5) development of heat pump designs to cover the whole spectrum of efficiencies available today and those that may be technologically feasible in the next few years.

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2130

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-86-05-01.pdf (35.83Mb)

An Analysis of Efficiency Improvements in Residential Sized Heat Pumps and Central Air Conditioners

O'Neal, D. L.; Boecker, C. L.; Penson, S. B. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1986)

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Abstract:

This report summarizes: (1) the performance improvements possible for central air conditioners and heat pumps using conventional design improvements, (2) the development of a methodology for estimating the seasonal performance of variable speed heat pumps and air conditioners, and (3) the estimated maximum efficiency levels that are technically feasible for variable speed heat pumps and air conditioners. This report builds on the work summarized in an earlier report from the Energy Systems Laboratory[2].

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2152

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-86-08-01.pdf (25.24Mb)

An Analysis of Efficiency Improvements in Residential Sized Heat Pumps, Final Report, May 1986

O'Neal, D. L.; Murphy, W. E. (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1985)

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Abstract:

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/1974

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-85-05-03.pdf (33.70Mb)

An Analysis of Efficiency Improvements in Room Air Conditioner

O'Neal, D. L.; Penson, S. B. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1988)

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Description:

In 1976, the U.S. Congress passed the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA) P.L. 95-619, which requires the imposition of minimum efficiency standards on eight major household appliances. The law required that the proposed standards be both technologically feasible and economically justifiable. One of the appliances for standards consideration was the room air conditioner (RAC). In 1980 the Department of Energy first proposed minimum efficiency standards on new room air conditioners on seven other appliances[1]. In 1983, "no standard" standards were issued by DOE for all eight appliances because the energy savings of standards were not significant enough to justify minimum efficiency standards.[2] The "no standard" standards were challenged in court ion 1984. In 1985, the "no standard" standards were ruled unlawful [3]. In 1983 However, due to a court challenge of the 1982 standards, they were not allowed. In 1987, Congress passed the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA), P.L. 100-12 which specified minimum efficiency levels for major appliances, including RACs (Table 1.1). The minimum efficiency standards for RACs must be met by January 1, 1990. Periodically, the Department of Energy can publish amendments to the standards after analyses have been performed to determine their technical and economic feasibility. This report summarizes the results of an engineering analysis used to evaluate the technical feasibility of improving the efficiency of RACs. The objectives of this study included: (1) evaluation and selection of a suitable RAC design model, (2) selection of design options that can be used to improve RAC performance, and (3) development of high efficiency RAC designs.

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2063

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-88-10-02.pdf (23.77Mb)

Analysis of Emissions Calculators for a National Center of Excellence on Displaced Emissions Reductions (CEDER)

Im, P.; Haberl, J. S.; Culp, C.; Yazdani, B. (July 18, 2008)

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Abstract:	In August 2004, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued guidance on quantifying the air emissions benefits from electric sector energy efficiency and renewable energy. Because there was no clear best strategy, the EPA’s guidance provided a framework and the basic requirements needed to demonstrate air quality improvements or emissions reductions with adequate certainty to be incorporated into a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for achieving or maintaining National ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The Energy Systems Laboratory, with guidance from both the US EPA and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), developed the first a comprehensive engineering toolkit and database that satisfies the EPA guidance. The value of this unique tool was demonstrated in 2005 when the ESL, at the request of the TCEQ, used it to develop integrated emissions estimates for all state agencies participating in the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP). Building on this expertise, the US EPA has established a National Center of Excellence on Displaced Emissions Reductions (CEDER) at the Energy Systems Laboratory to research and gather the state-of-the-art air pollution quantification techniques for Energy Efficiency / Renewable Energy (EE/RE) projects; provide technical support and customized analysis for state and local agencies seeking to estimate the environmental benefits from clean energy policies and programs; and document how a user-friendly tool, based on e2Calc, can be used by clients to fulfill their needs to quantify emissions reductions from energy efficiency and renewable energy measures.
Description:	The Energy Systems Laboratory, in fulfillment of its responsibilities, submits this annual report, “Analysis of Emissions Calculators for a National Center of Excellence on Displaced Emissions Reductions (CEDER),”to the United State Environmental Protection Agency.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/85722

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-08-03-01.pdf (670.5Kb)

Analysis of Energy Conservation Options for USDOE Child Development Center

Bou-Saada, T. E.; Haberl, J. S. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1993)

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Abstract:	The Child Development Center (CDC) was designed to be a "showpiece" model building. Its construction included energy efficient features, including a photovoltaic system, solar hot water system, energy efficient lighting, and energy efficient heat pumps. The architect's estimate of the energy savings from these measures totaled 31.5 MWh per year, an annual savings of about $1,575 (at $0.05/kWh). The DOE-2 predicted total annual energy use for the CDC with all the ECO's installed is 146,317 kWh or 61,652 Btu/ft2-yr which is a 12% reduction from the DOE-2 predicted energy use of 166,559 kWh (70,181 Btu/ft2-yr using 1 kWh=3,413 Btu) if the ECOs had not been installed.
Description:	This report presents the results of a study that verifies the energy savings due to the individual ECOs through the use of a calibrated DOE-2 simulation. The results show that roughly 84% of the savings estimated by the GSA architect can be accounted for by the calibrated simulation. Energy Systems Laboratory Texas A&M University Texas Engineering Experiment Station College Station, Texas
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2132

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-93-12-09.pdf (11.79Mb)

Analysis of Energy Conservation Options for USDOE Child Development Center, Final Summary Report

Bou-Saada, T. E.; Haberl, J. S. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1994)

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Abstract:	The U.S.D.O.E. Forrestal Child Development Center (CDC) was designed to be a "showpiece" model building. Its construction included energy efficient features such as efficient lighting, a photovoltaic system, an energy management system, lighting controls, envelope improvements, clerestory windows, energy efficient heat pumps, and a solar hot water system. The architect's estimate of the energy savings from these measures totaled 31.6 million Watt-hours per year (MWh/yr), an annual savings of about $1,580 (at $0.05/kWh). This study calculated a total annual energy savings of 23.2 MWh per year for the CDC; a savings of $1,160.
Description:	This report presents the results of a study that verifies the energy savings due to the individual ECOs through the use of a calibrated DOE-2 simulation. The results show that roughly 73% of the savings estimated by the GSA architect can be accounted for by the calibrated simulation. This compares very well when one considers that the large differences were contributed by the envelope improvements and the clerestory windows. If these two ECOs were omitted, 90% of the savings can be accounted for by the calibrated simulation.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2147

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-94-12-11.pdf (14.02Mb)

Analysis of the HVAC System at the Willow Branch Intermediate School

Wei, G. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1997)

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Abstract:

This report presents an analysis of the HVAC system at the Willow Branch Intermediate School for the MEEN 685 class project. The school is located at College Station, Texas. A portion of the school belonged to Oakwood Intermediate School which was built in 1983. It was recently expanded in 1994 and renamed the Willow Branch Intermediate School. It now has a total floor area of 88,617 square feet. The system under investigation is a water-loop heat pump system which provides the HVAC needs for the new building.

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2170

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-97-03-01.pdf (11.30Mb)

The Application and Verification of ASHRAE 152-2004 (Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems) to DOE-2-1e Simulation Program

Kim, S.; Haberl, J. S. (Energy Systems Laboratory, June 2008)

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Abstract:

This report describes the application and verification of duct model on DOE 2.1e version 119 using ASHRAE 152-2004 (Method of Test for Determining the Design and Seasonal Efficiencies of Residential Thermal Distribution Systems). It begins with a concept of duct model which is developed by ASHRAE and shows the application and the verification of the duct model to DOE 2.1e version 119 simulation program.

URI:

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/86203

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-08-06-01.pdf (4.020Mb)

Assessment and Suggestions to Improve the Commercial Building Module of EIA-NEMS

O'Neal, D. L.; Reddy, T. A.; Sucher, B. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1996)

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Abstract:	The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is a comprehensive, computer-based, energy-economy modeling system developed and maintained by the Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration (EIA). NEMS forecasts the national production, imports, conversion, consumption, and prices of energy out to 2015, subject to macroeconomic assumptions, world energy markets, resource availability and costs, technological developments, and behavioral and technological choice criteria. NEMS has nine program modules of which the Commercial Sector Demand (CSD) module is one. Currently the CSD module uses a matrix of Energy Use Intensities (EUls) gleaned from the 1989 CBECS database to model service demand per major fuel type for eight different geographic census divisions and eleven different building types.
Description:	Over the last 7 years, the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University built up an extensive database of monitored hourly energy use data in about 150 institutional, hospital and state and governmental buildings as a part of the LoanSTAR energy monitoring program. Further, the ESL has acquired expertise in commercial buildings simulations as well as in related technology improvements. This study included two tasks. First, the NEMS CSD-EUI matrix data for the Texas region was compared to those determined from end-use monitored data from the Texas LoanSTAR database. Second, the interaction effects between lighting and heating and cooling energy use for seven different building categories in three different geographic locations were characterized using the ASEAM building simulation software.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2165

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-96-10-01.pdf (15.37Mb)

Audit of Lone Star Gas Invoices and Billing Procedures, Task #3

Turner, W. D.; Liu, M. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University, 1997)

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Abstract:	At the request of the TAMU Power Plant, the ESL staff audited the 1995 Lone Star Gas Company invoices. Gas consumption is measured and the measured volume is converted to standard volume (at T=60 °F, P= 14.65 psia) to determine the energy content and cost. This audit was performed to determine if the bills from Lone Star Gas Company had correctly converted the measured volumes to standard volumes, and had charged the proper amounts.
Description:	Lone Star Gas Company uses standard methods to convert measured gas volumes to standard volumes by assuming constant gas CO2 content (2.8%), N2 content (0.79%) and gas specific gravity value (0.647). In 1995, the gravity value measured varied from 0.601 to 0.627, which is lower than the assumed value. Hence, Lone Star Gas Company overcharged TAMU Power Plant by 0.17% to 0.39% depending on the actual specific gravity values (see the chart below). The impact of assuming constant CO2 and N2 levels on the bills is negligible. After a joint meeting with ESL and TAMU Physical Plant personnel, Lone Star Gas Company agreed to update the gas specific gravity value every four months in the future and to reconcile gas bills back to 1994 with measured specific gravity values. This reconciliation will result in a credit to Texas A&M University of approximately $20,000 for 1995. Results of the reconciliation for other years will depend on the measured specific gravity values.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/2172

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-97-09-01.pdf (19.35Mb)

Austin ISD Campbell Elementary School HVAC Renovations Commissioning Report Prepared for Austin Independent School District(AISD) Austin, Texas Under Task Order #26

Zeig, M. Jr; Napper, G.; Wei, G.; Turner, D. (June 2006)

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Abstract:	The Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University was contracted by AISD to perform commissioning on the HVAC renovations project at Campbell Elementary School. ESL engineers visited the school on May 8-10, 2006 to commission the new HVAC equipment. At the time of the visit, the equipment had been operating between 6 and 8 months.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/88058

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-06-06-02.pdf (358.8Kb)

Austin ISD Norman Elementary School HVAC Renovations Commissioning Report Prepared for Austin Independent School District (AISD) Austin, Texas Under Task Order #28

Zeig, M. Jr; Napper, G.; Wei, G.; Turner, D. (June 2006)

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Abstract:	The Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University was contracted by AISD to perform commissioning on the HVAC renovations project at Norman Elementary School. ESL engineers visited the school on April 27-28, 2006 to commission the new HVAC equipment. At the time of the visit, the equipment had been operating between 6 and 8 months with satisfactory results.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/88059

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-06-06-03.pdf (640.3Kb)

Austin ISD St. Elmo Elementary School HVAC Renovations Commissioning Report Prepared for Austin Independent School District(AISD) Austin, Texas Under Task Order #16

Zeig, M. Jr; Napper, G.; Wei, G.; Turner, D. (June 2006)

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Abstract:	The Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) of Texas A&M University was contracted by AISD to perform commissioning on the HVAC renovations project at St. Elmo Elementary School. ESL engineers visited the school on May 10-12, 2006 to commission the new HVAC equipment. At the time of the visit, the equipment had been operating between 6 and 8 months with satisfactory results.
URI:	http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/88057

Files in this item: 1

ESL-TR-06-06-01.pdf (232.1Kb)

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