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Swanson, G. A.; Haley, M. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: If your company is looking at energy management as part of its overall strategy to reduce costs and improve profits, it is not alone. While energy prices have increased at a shocking rate, so has interest in environmental responsibility. Progressive organizations are exploring ways to conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gases. Some are even creating new positions for these issues, placing someone in charge of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The CSR's job is to help a company be more socially responsible and reduce harmful emissions. Energy management can accomplish both conservation and emission goals- plus, it lowers utility costs and strengthens your bottom line! In the past, reasonably priced energy made it difficult to justify new conservation projects. It was hard to meet the standard criteria of 2-3 years payback. However, natural gas prices have tripled in the last five years from $2 to over $6 per Dekatherm (Dth). Electric prices also have increased dramatically-by more than 100% in some parts of the country. These increased energy costs have made conservation projects more desirable. A natural gas improvement project that had a six-year payback five years ago may have less than a two-year payback today. New technologies also have helped drive down the payback of projects and opened up new areas for potential savings. The following paper looks at how the new market offers opportunities to reduce overall energy costs.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5605 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-05-05-44.pdf (365.0Kb) -
Haberl, J. S.; Culp, C.; Yazdani, B. (Energy Systems Laboratory, August 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: In the pages that follow, 15% above-code measures for new commercial buildings are presented for the 41 non-attainment and affected counties in Texas, separated by climate area. Each page contains a description of the individual measures and combined measures that achieve 15% above-code savings, which are based on ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999. These measures include envelope, HVAC systems, and plant equipment. Annual energy and demand savings, estimated costs, simple payback, and NOx emissions reductions are provided for commercial buildings.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/93351 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TR-07-08-03.pdf (785.5Kb) -
Haberl, J. S.; Culp, C.; Yazdani, B. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), August 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: In the pages that follow, 15% above-code measures for new residential buildings are presented for the 41 non-attainment and affected counties in Texas, separated by climate area. Each page contains a description of the individual measures and combined measures that achieve 15% above-code savings, which are based on the 2001 IECC. These measures include envelope, HVAC systems, and plant equipment. Annual energy savings, estimated costs, simple payback, and NOx emissions reductions are provided for commercial buildings.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/93350 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TR-07-08-02.pdf (1.237Mb) -
Leach, M. D.; Colburn, B. K. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.eslwin.tamu.edu), March 1993)[more][less]
Abstract: This paper provides a synopsis of the practical application of part-load cogeneration technology to a large university campus for providing new chilled water and steam requirements for expansion needs, and simultaneously providing these utilities at no out of pocket cost to the institution using the innovative financing mechanism of performance contracting, in which project savings pay for the investment. In addition, the work is performed via a cogeneration system operating most of the year at part-load. This mechanical cogeneration project, as it provides a dual thermal benefit from a single input energy source.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/92059 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-93-03-05.pdf (5.468Mb) -
Wallace, D. G. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), June 1986)[more][less]
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Garrison, M. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 2006)[more][less]
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Yazdani, Bahman; Culp, Charles; Haberl, Jeff (September 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: In accordance with the Health and Safety Code Section 388.003, as amended, the Laboratory reviewed and considered the comments received and performed a technical analysis that compared the stringency of the Texas Building Energy Performance Standards, based on the 2000 International Energy Conservation Code with the 2001 Supplement (2000/2001 IECC), to the 2009 IECC and Chapter 11 of the 2009 IRC.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/90988 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TR-09-08-04.pdf (123.9Kb) -
Unknown author (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), June 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: In March, 2010, The Energy Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University conducted a Code Survey of Texas Jurisdictions having populations greater than 25,000. The results for Energy Code Adoption are as follows.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/93373 Files in this item: 1
ESL-TR-10-06-01.pdf (752.8Kb) -
Smith, B. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 2012)[more][less]
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Schultz, S. C.; Bingham, P. R. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), April 2000)[more][less]
Abstract: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, better known as 3M, is a global, multi-billion dollar company that has been tremendously successful because of the company's ability to develop innovative products to meet the needs of its customers. A growing number of companies have recognized the benefits of developing structured approaches to improving their energy efficiency through means that are also compatible with being environmentally responsible. 3M has long been recognized as a corporate environmental management leader, including being last year's winner of the Industrial Energy Technology Conference's Energy Efficiency Award. 3M continues to demonstrate such leadership via the company's energy management program, which includes participation in programs like EPA's Climate Wise and its own internal programs such as Pollution Prevention Pays (3P).
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/90908 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-00-04-41.pdf (2.244Mb) -
Schultz, S. C. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), April 1996)[more][less]
Abstract: In January 1994, 3M began the task of optimizing the electric motor systems at 3M Center, a 26 building, 7 million square foot corporate campus. A cross-functional, cross-company team was established which included four 3M employees representing two different departments within 3M, an engineer specializing in demand side management programs from Northern States Power Company, and a sales engineer from General Electric Supply Company. The team was later joined by an engineering specialist from Landis & Gyr, Inc., a building automation controls supplier. The team began the task of identifying the projects that could save energy and provide a reasonable return on 3M's investment on a building by building approach. As surveys were completed, proposals were prepared and presented to management requesting funding. The team continued the process of identifying projects in remaining buildings and took on the responsibility of designing, contracting and implementing projects as funding was approved for those already studied. Follow-up measurements to ascertain that the savings predicted was actually achieved are done before project close-out. This project was submitted and has been accepted as a Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration Project. The Motor Challenge is a U. S. Department of Energy initiative to promote the efficient use of energy in electric motor systems. Showcase Demonstration Projects are used to exemplify the benefits that motor system optimization can provide. This Showcase Project is different from most as it emphasizes the process that was developed to carry out a project of this magnitude rather than any single specific technologies or applications. The team has nearly completed the studies at 3M Center and is well into the implementation phase with six buildings being complete. Savings identified to date are approximately $810,000 per year. This paper will discuss the Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration project currently underway at 3M Center, the motor systems survey methodology the team developed, analysis tools and techniques and the results that have been attained.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/91303 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-96-04-31.pdf (4.992Mb) -
Schultz, S. C. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), April 1998)[more][less]
Abstract: In January 1994, 3M began the task of optimizing the electric motor systems at 3M Center, a 26 building, 7 million square foot corporate campus. A cross-functional, cross-company team was established which included four 3M employees representing two different departments within 3M, an engineer specializing in demand side management programs from Northern States Power Company, and a sales engineer from General Electric Supply Company. The team was later joined by an engineering specialist from Landis & Staefa, Inc., a building automation controls supplier. The team began the task of identifying the projects that could save energy and provide a reasonable return on 3M's investment on a building by building approach. As surveys were completed, proposals were prepared and presented to management requesting funding. The team continued the process of identifying projects in remaining buildings and took on the responsibility of designing, contracting and implementing projects as funding was approved for those already studied. Follow-up measurements to ascertain that the savings predicted was actually achieved are done before project close-out. This project was submitted and accepted as a Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration Project. The Motor Challenge is a U.S. Department of Energy initiative to promote the efficient use of energy in electric motor systems. Showcase Demonstration Projects are used to exemplify the benefits that motor system optimization can provide. This Showcase Project is different from most as it emphasizes the process that was developed to carry out a project of this magnitude rather than any single specific technologies or applications. The team has completed the project at 3M Center. Measured savings are $823,000 per year. This paper will discuss the Motor Challenge Showcase Demonstration project that was completed at 3M Center, the motor systems survey methodology the team developed, analysis tools and techniques and the results that have been attained.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/91133 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-98-04-03.pdf (4.210Mb) -
Schultz, S. C.; Belk, V.; Asrael, J. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), May 1999)[more][less]
Abstract: 3M is an international diversified manufacturing company, generating more than 50,000 products and services including tapes, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, electrical products and medical equipment. The company's energy efficiency and environmental program has been an integral part of its business strategy and production processes. Its energy management goals are attained through several means, including participation in the Climate Wise Program, a voluntary industrial energy efficiency program sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This paper examines the different aspects of 3M's program at the corporate and facility level. Each aspect of its program is integral to improving energy use and environmental performance in the most cost-effective way.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/91101 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-99-05-12.pdf (3.058Mb) -
Kim, Kun Mo (May 2011)[more][less]
Abstract: This thesis presents the design of a 20 MHz bandwidth 3rd-order continuous-time low-pass sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter with low-noise and low-power consumption using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The bandwidth of the system is selected to be able to accommodate WiMAX and other wireless network standards. A 3rd-order filter with feed-forward architecture is selected to achieve low-power consumption as well as less complexity. The system uses 3-bit flash quantizer to provide fast data conversion. The current-steering DAC not only achieves low-power and less current sensitivity, but also it helps directly inject the feedback signal without additional circuitries. In order to avoid degradation of the overall performance, cross-coupled transistors are adopted to reduce the current glitches. The proposed system achieves a peak SNDR of 65.9 dB in 20 MHz bandwidth, and consumes 31.735 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The entire circuit is driven by a sampling rate at 500 MHz. The measured in-band IM3 of this thesis is -69 dB with 600 mVp-p two tone signal peak-to-peak voltage.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9651 Files in this item: 1
KIM-THESIS.pdf (1.833Mb) -
Davidson, W. F.; Erickson, D. C. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), June 1986)[more][less]
Abstract: Economic industrial heat pumping to temperatures above 500°F (260°C) is promised in the near future. A new absorption fluid is the key. Tested under DOE sponsorship, the new fluid has proven to be thermally stable and noncorrosive to austenitic stainless steel up to 500°F, or mild steel up to 430°F. Heat transfer properties are comparable to those of the conventional LiBr-H20 system. Paired with water as the working fluid, laboratory tests have shown that useful temperature lifts of over 162°F (90°C) ∆T can be achieved allowing 10°F heat exchangers. The fluid is nontoxic and noncombustible. Good economics for the system should stem from (1) high temperature capabilities for wider and more highly valued uses, (2) high internal temperature lifts for low heat exchanger surface areas, (3) predominantly carbon steel components, and (4) better COP in the heat amplifier mode than current absorption heat pumps. Recent laboratory results are presented including temperature applicability maps.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/93027 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-86-06-57.pdf (1.999Mb) -
Catanach, Therese A. (August 29, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Based on museum-held and field-collected specimens new data are presented regarding the distribution, adult phenology and first-instar larva of the uncommon green lacewing Abachrysa eureka. It was found that this species is broadly distributed across the southeastern United States, from Texas to the east coast south to Florida and north to South Carolina. There are multiple short duration emergence periods which vary with latitude. This species appears to be a typical chrysopid in various biological aspects, such as the occurrence of a stalked egg and placement of debris on the backs of larva.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5709 Files in this item: 1
CatanachTAthesis26iv2007.pdf (336.2Kb) -
Evetts, Elizabeth A.; Peterson, Jacqueline A. (September 30, 2009)[more][less]
Abstract: The above- and below-ground litter from fallen foliage and root exudates and their decomposition has an impact on forest soil. The objective of this research project was to determine the effect of above- and below-ground litter manipulation on the retention and release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), nitrate and ammonium in the soil profile at 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths. The soils were obtained from a Long Term Ecological Research site in the Sikfokut Forest in Hungary. The site is a mature oak forest and the soil has no organic layer; the leaf litter sits directly on the A horizon. There are six treatments applied to the soil: doubling of annual leaf litter (DL), doubling of annual wood litter (DW), removal of annual leaf litter (NL), removal of roots (NR), removal of leaf and roots (NI) and control (C). Each plot is 7 x 7 m, and each soil sample taken was 15 x 15 cm square. A stock solution of leaf litter was added in different concentrations to soils from each treatment in a 50 mL centrifuge tube. Because I was investigating retention or release of carbon and nitrogen, I inverted the tube gently over a period of 2 hours prior to centrifugation and removal of supernatant. The supernatant solution was analyzed for DOC, DON, ammonium and nitrate to determine retention and release values for each dependant upon the different treatments. The results of the study were interesting. Dissolved organic nitrogen was neither retained nor released in the 0-5 cm layer for any treatment yet nitrate, typically considered a mobile anion showed retention and release in this layer. In the 5-15 cm layer we had no retention or release of nitrate but dissolved organic nitrogen was retained and released between the solid and solution phases.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/88040 Files in this item: 1
Evetts_Approved_Thesis.pdf (131.3Kb) -
Muns, S. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), December 2007)[more][less]
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Hufford, P. E. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 1986)[more][less]
Abstract: Contrary to popular concept, in most cases, thermal energy is the real VALUE in cogeneration and not the electricity. The proper consideration of the thermal demands is equal to or more important than the electrical demands. High efficiency two-stage absorption chillers of the type used at Rice University Cogen Plant offer the most attractive utilization of recoverable thermal energy. With a coefficient of performance (COP) up to 1.25, the two-stage, parallel flow absorption chiller can offer over fifty (50) percent more useful thermal energy from the same waste heat source--gas turbine exhaust, I.C. engine exhaust and jacketwater, incinerator exhaust, or steam turbine extraction.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6875 Files in this item: 1
ESL-HH-86-11-16.pdf (374.0Kb) -
Erickson, D. C.; Davidson, W. F. (Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu); Texas A&M University (http://www.tamu.edu), 1984)[more][less]
Abstract: The absorption cycle offers one of the most economic and widely applicable technologies for waste heat upgrading. It can use off-the-shelf hardware that is available now, at any required capacity rating. Fractional distillations, as a class of applications, embody characteristics that inherently make them economic candidates for absorption cycle heat upgrading. Practical applications to current U.S. distillations could save 30 trillion BTU per year, at payback periods ranging from 1 to 3 years. So, if the absorption cycle is so great, why isn't it more in use? There are three reasons: (1) lack of understanding of the basic principles and operation; (2) lack of guidelines for readily identifying attractive applications, and (3) lack of a commercial U.S. demonstration in the highly cost-effective distillation area. This paper presents absorption cycle fundamentals and applications guidelines, and announces a government-backed search for a site for commercial demonstration of the distillation energy savings. The guidelines provide a new tool for identifying attractive absorption cycle applications. They require only knowledge of process source and sink temperatures, and they show at a glance approximate component characteristics and payback period for the absorption cycle which would serve the application.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/94630 Files in this item: 1
ESL-IE-84-04-116.pdf (6.153Mb)
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